Title : Specification of the surface of nanomaterials through functionalization
Abstract:
The functionalization of nanomaterial surfaces has led to a break through advancement in nanotechnology, especially in the pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. The clinical results showed that adding specific chemical species to nanoparticles changed them into multifunctional particles with higher efficiency. Precisely designed, functionalized nanoparticles are finding applications as catalyst precursors, optical materials, sensor components, and many more. Functionalizing host molecules with inorganic/organic functional groups is an efficient way to create sophisticated materials that combine the optoelectronic and surface capabilities of the substrate with the molecular selectivity of the capping groups. Amino acids like lysine, polylysine, glycine, etc. can be functionalized onto gold nanoparticles to bind DNA more effectively and safely for the delivery of genes. This is accomplished by conjugating these particular chemical functional groups, which give nanoparticles unique surface locations with targeted molecule attachment for targeted functionalities. Functionalization on the surface It does three things to the nanoparticles: it attaches various organic and inorganic groups to them; it makes them more soluble so that hydrophobic species can be carried by them; and last, it permits a uniform dispersion of the nanoparticles in an organic matrix. Using any of the following techniques, surface functionalization can be completed: i) in situ functionalization, where the functionalization is done while the material is being synthesised; or ii) post-functionalization, when the functionalization is usually performed to inorganic nanoparticles that have already formed. Functional groups such as hydroxy, thio, amino, nitro, carboxy, or primary alkyl groups are commonly employed to modify surface functionality. The main forces for functionalization are hydrogen bond, ionic, nonionic, and van der Waals interactions.
