Chemistry of 2D Materials

The realm of 2D material chemistry stands as an intriguing and swiftly advancing domain at the forefront of nanoscience and materials exploration. Distinguished by their ultrathin structure, 2D materials such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and phosphorene showcase distinctive electronic, optical, and mechanical attributes. Graphene, a hexagonal lattice of carbon atoms forming a singular layer, has captured considerable attention owing to its remarkable electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness, and thermal properties. The chemical synthesis of graphene encompasses diverse methodologies, including mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and liquid-phase exfoliation. Transition metal dichalcogenides, exemplified by molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten diselenide (WSe2), constitute another category of 2D materials with captivating features, displaying semiconducting behaviors and optoelectronic prowess. The synthesis of TMDs commonly relies on chemical vapor deposition, liquid-phase exfoliation, or molecular beam epitaxy. Phosphorene, a monolayer of black phosphorus, has emerged as a promising 2D material with adjustable bandgaps and elevated charge carrier mobility. The chemistry of these materials necessitates meticulous control over synthesis techniques, doping, and functionalization to customize their characteristics for specific applications, encompassing electronics, sensors, catalysis, and energy storage. Researchers actively explore innovative strategies to alter the surface chemistry of 2D materials, incorporating functional groups or heteroatoms to amplify reactivity, stability, and interactions with other materials. Comprehending the chemistry of 2D materials proves pivotal in unlocking their full potential and propelling technological advancements across various domains. Ongoing investigations in this sphere continuously reveal fresh perspectives, steering the creation of ground breaking materials endowed with tailor-made properties for a myriad of applications in nanotechnology and beyond.