Layered Materials and Heterostructures

Layered materials and heterostructures have become captivating avenues within the field of materials science, offering distinctive properties and functionalities resulting from the combination of diverse materials in precisely defined layers. Also referred to as 2D materials, these layered materials consist of thinly stacked atomic sheets, exemplified by graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and black phosphorus. Their two-dimensional nature imparts exceptional electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. The interactions between these distinct layers give rise to intriguing phenomena like quantum confinement and tunable bandgaps. Researchers leverage these characteristics to craft materials with tailored properties for a range of applications, spanning from next-generation electronics to energy storage.

Heterostructures, on the contrary, entail the stacking of dissimilar materials, often possessing distinct functionalities, to form intricate structures with synergistic properties. Through the amalgamation of materials featuring complementary traits, researchers attain unparalleled control over electronic, optical, and magnetic characteristics. For instance, the combination of a semiconductor with a superconductor in a heterostructure can lead to the emergence of exotic quantum states. Heterostructures play a pivotal role in advancing electronic devices, sensors, and quantum technologies. The exploration of layered materials and heterostructures not only enhances our fundamental comprehension of materials but also unlocks exciting possibilities for innovating technologies with heightened performance and functionality.