Micro- and Nanofluids

Micro- and nanofluidics are the study of the behavior of fluids at microscopic and nanoscopic scales. The study of micro- and nanofluidics is important as it has a wide range of applications in many different fields, including biotechnology, medical diagnostics, and materials science. At the microscale, fluid flow is typically studied using the principles of macroscopic hydrodynamics. However, when the characteristic size of a system is on the order of microns or smaller, the effects of surface tension and Brownian motion must be taken into account. This leads to a different set of equations, known as "microfluidic equations," which govern how fluids flow at these scales. At the nanoscale, the effects of surface tension become even more pronounced. This means that fluid flows become strongly influenced by the surfaces of the system, as opposed to the bulk properties of the fluid itself. This has led to the  of a new set of equations, known as "nanofluidic equations," which govern how fluids flow at nanoscopic scales. In recent years, the study of micro- and nanofluidics has become increasingly important in a variety of fields. In biotechnology, microfluidic systems are being used to develop new diagnostic tools and to analyze biological samples on a microscopic level. In materials science, nanofluidics are being used to study the behavior of fluids at the nanoscale, which can be used to develop new materials with improved properties.