Superlattices

A superlattice is a crystalline structure that is composed of two or more lattices of different materials. The materials used in a superlattice may be metals, semiconductors, insulators, or even an array of molecules. The relationships between the lattices are highly structured and the arrangement of atoms within the lattices is designed to create desired properties, such as increased electrical or thermal conductivity or improved mechanical strength. Superlattices have been studied since the 1960s and are being used in a variety of applications, including transistors, memory devices, and photovoltaics. They are created by placing two or more lattices together so that their atoms interlock, forming a highly ordered structure. The atoms of the different lattices are arranged in such a way that there is an alternating pattern of atoms from each lattice. This pattern creates a periodic potential that can be used to modulate the electronic properties of the structure. The properties of a superlattice are determined by the arrangement of atoms within it and the material properties of the lattices that make up the structure. By carefully engineering the structure, researchers can create materials with tailored properties, such as increased electrical conductivity or improved mechanical strength. Superlattices can also be used to create heterostructures, which are composed of two or more materials with different bandgaps. Heterostructures can be used to create devices such as lasers, photodetectors, and solar cells.